'Maintenance Theater': The New Ethos of Lawn Care

A reader on the West Coast writes in with an observation of leaf blower use in his area:

I've been wondering more and more about leaf blowers. In the area I'm living in, there's a new housing development where roads and plumbing have already been put in place, but the individual buildings are still being worked on.

One Saturday afternoon, we could hear a loud noise from the development zone. Two workers were going around with one leaf blower each. I couldn't understand the point of it - there are barely any leaves in the area, and from what I could see the road surface was clean. I've noticed similar examples in some other places (like some lone guy blowing away leaves outside Starbucks) but at least then, there really were leaves.

I'm wondering if leaf blowing has just become a customary expense for businesses without anyone asking about the point of it.

The concept of “security theater” has become well understood (if only partially resisted) over the past two decades in the United States. Finding the right line between proper crucial disease-reduction strategies, and feel-good “hygiene theater,” has been both important, and difficult, during the pandemic crisis.

The reader correctly indicates a new kind of “maintenance theater,” which persists by default—and can be changed by regulations that accelerate the inevitable shift to cleaner, less dangerous machinery.

'Like Acoustic Trash': An Excellent TV Report from Northern Virginia

Screenshot from WJLA report; photo by Jay Korff/7News

Screenshot from WJLA report; photo by Jay Korff/7News

Jay Korff, of ABC7/WJLA-TV in Washington, has produced a concise but thorough report on the effort to ban gas-powered leaf blowers in the communities of Northern Virginia that are just across the Potomac River from Washington D.C.

The report features the efforts of Quiet Clean NOVA — NOVA being local shorthand for the Northern Virginia suburbs — and the responses of landscapers, neighbors, scientists, elected officials, and public health authorities. This is an example of local TV-news coverage giving serious attention to a local story, but also putting it in national and worldwide perspective.

You can watch the whole segment here, and read a transcript at the same site. Congratulations to Jay Korff, Quiet Clean NOVA members, and others involved in this effort and the News7 report.

From Coast to Coast, the Change is Coming

On the East Coast: In Montgomery County, Maryland, which borders Washington D.C., the county Department of Transportation (MCDOT) has set up its first lawn mowing will all battery-powered equipment. You can read the full report here. Highlights, with emphasis added at the end.

“The equipment produces zero emissions and is noticeably quieter than traditional gas-powered equipment.

”MCDOT will use the pilot program to evaluate the ability of the equipment to perform and experiment with battery charging logistics. The aim of the pilot program is to reduce noise pollution, air pollution and fuel costs….

“ ‘Electric powered mowing technology will continue to grow and transitioning from gas powered machinery is an integral part of our efforts to combat climate change,’ said Montgomery County Executive Marc Elrich. ‘MCDOT’s transition to all-electric mowing is an important first step and I appreciate their sense of urgency to initiate this pilot program. We will replace all County landscaping equipment with electric powered as soon as possible to reduce carbon emissions and noise pollution.’

The MCDOT produced a video about the program, which you can see below. (Original link here.)

Congratulations to Montgomery County and its Department of Transportation on this step.


On the West Coast, in California: the state legislature is considering a bill to outlaw the sale of gas-powered blowers altogether — a statewide counterpart to what Washington D.C. has enacted. As Andrew Sheeler points out in his story in the Sacramento Bee:

California would ban the sale of new gas-powered leaf-blowers, lawnmowers and other “small off-road engines” as soon as 2024, under a bill being considered by state lawmakers.

If approved, the ban would go into effect on Jan. 1, 2024, or as soon as the California Air Resources Board determines it is feasible.

Members of the Assembly Natural Resources Committee this week advanced the proposed law, Assembly Bill 1346. Assemblyman Marc Berman, D-Menlo Park, wrote the bill and described it as an important effort to reduce air pollution….

One hour of use of a gas-powered leaf blower produces the equivalent emissions of a vehicle driving 1,100 miles from Los Angeles to Denver, according to the California Air Resources Board.

“Gallon for gallon, these engines pollute at a substantially higher rate than other equipment and vehicles,” Berman said Wednesday.

Unsurprisingly, the main witness testifying against the bill was from the same industry-lobbying group, the Outdoor Power Equipment Institute, that testified against the D.C. bill. After hearing his argument, the D.C. City Council approved the bill unanimously.

We’ll follow the progress of this proposal in California, and the Montgomery County pilot program.

From the Washington Post: 'A Simple Fix'

In the April 21, 2021, edition of the Washington Post, reader Chessa Lutter writes in with a “simple fix” for some of the area’s pollution problems. You can read the whole letter to the editor here, but the main argument is:

Montgomery County Executive Mark Elrich (D) could show leadership toward achieving Montgomery County’s ambitious climate change goals by phasing out gas-powered leaf blowers in favor of electric ones. The carbon dioxide emissions of gas-powered leaf blowers are three to nine times greater than electric ones. If powered by solar, which some local landscapers use, electric-powered blowers are carbon-free.

Thanks to Chessa Lutter, and good luck to Montgomery County, just north of Washington D.C., in Maryland.

Big News from Arizona State University

From the ASU news site.

From the ASU news site.

Arizona State University, based in Tempe but with operations around the world, has for years been a leading innovator in educational and community-service programs.

This week its newsletter announces another advance on this front: its use of “eLeafBlowers,” which as its release says are “easy on the ears, eyes, and environment.” The story, by Kendon Jung, quoted Michael Meyer, facilities manager at ASU, as follows:

“Until recently, there has not been good, commercial grade cordless electric equipment available. Battery life has been an issue,” Meyer said. “While 20-30 minutes of operation time may suffice for a homeowner working in their yard, our requirements are much higher. We typically have 15-17 people using blowers each morning for up to two to three hours. We also have crew members using blowers for hours at a time on the night shift.”

In March 2020, ASU Grounds Services launched an innovative partnership. A company called Husqvarna was looking to produce commercially viable electric-powered equipment for use in the greens industry — landscaping, arbor care, golf-course maintenance, etc. ASU Tempe Grounds Services was loaned multiple items of equipment to try out indefinitely, and the eLeaf Blowers stood out for several reasons. 

Noise

The noise reductions have benefits for the public. In the past, the noise of the gas blowers was the cause of frequent complaints, according to Meyer.

“We find, with the reduction in noise, that we have fewer complaints from people on campus and are able to work longer in areas that were problematic before, such as residence halls,” Meyer said. “Several groundskeepers reported being approached by passersby and complimented on the use of the electric equipment. They are mostly pleased with the quietness and the display of innovation on campus.” 

Congratulations to Michael Meyer and the team at ASU on another innovative advance.

"What Is the Best Battery-Powered Blower?"

From the site “How I Get Rid Of,” a wrap-up and ranking of the best battery-powered blowers to consider.

It’s very much worth checking out. There are detailed comments about many models. Of course QCDC is not endorsing any specific model nor vouching for all the judgments expressed in this ranking. But we’re encouraged by the care and detail that went into this project — and by the steady increase in effective entries in this field.

Here’s a screenshot with a sample of the top ratings:

Sample of battery-powered blower ratings from How I Get Rid Of.

Sample of battery-powered blower ratings from How I Get Rid Of.

Thanks for the How I Get Rid Of authors for the work that went into this assessment.

Action in the Northeast, in the Midwest, and at Home Depot

New York: In the State Senate, Sen. John C. Liu — a former member of the New York City Council who was also the city’s comptroller during the Michael Bloomberg administration, has introduced a bill to restrict gas-powered leaf blower use in the state. You can read about the bill’s provisions, follow its progress, and give an online indication of support here.


New Jersey: Hal Strelnick, who is a professor of Family and Social Medicine and of Epidemiology and Population Health at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in the Bronx, writes to the Montclair Local news site to endorse Montclair’s proposal to ban gas-powered blowers for eight months of the year. His full letter is here. A sample of his argument:

Gas-powered leaf blowers pose a severe threat to community health because of their emissions. We can hear that these machines are deafening, but they are also invisibly toxic. Leaf blowers generate copious amounts of fine and ultrafine particulate matter, both through their exhaust and dust blown into the air, which can linger for days….

At the request of NYC Mayor David Dinkins, I once wrote a paper called “What’s a Mayor to Do About Health?” addressing the limited municipal authority in regulating health. Municipalities cannot regulate vehicle or smokestack emissions. One thing municipalities can do to powerfully improve human health is to limit gas-powered leaf blowers as much as possible. Today, cleaner, safer, effective alternatives are readily available. The council can help protect those of us who live here from these invisibly toxic machines.


Minnesota: During the current freeze and blizzard, a correspondent from a small city near Minneapolis writes about his cold-weather discovery.

In my corner of Minnesota it is prudent to hire strong young men with shovels and machines to move plowable snow. I am quite healthy for my age but I recall what my mom often said to my dad when he grabbed a snow shovel: "You aren't a spring chicken anymore." And the strong young men need seasonal part time employment.

When the snow is less than plowable I remove it by hand to avoid its becoming packed and slippery, but sometimes it appears more amenable to a broom than a shovel. Snow pushed with a broom becomes unmanageable. So I bought a leaf blower and used it for the first time today. You would approve of it!

It is a Black and Decker 60 volt battery operated electric blower. The motor is virtually silent. The fan whines a little, like a dust buster, not nearly as loud as a typical 2 cycle internal combustion motorized leaf blower. And the air I am breathing is not polluted by my blower. A few months from now I will be mowing the lawn with a B&D mower that is barely audible across the street.


Home Depot: An online equipment provided named HD Supply, which is now part of Home Depot. has a section devoted to battery-powered equipment, to comply with the increasing number of local bans on gas blowers. You can see it here.

The Battery Revolution Gains Speed

Modern eras are in large part defined by their novel technologies, which become embedded in every other part of the economy and create broad new possibilities:

  • In the early 1800s, steam power led to the rise of factories and of rail and steamship travel;

  • In the late 1800s, the internal-combustion engine led to the automobile, the airplane, and other transformative means of transport;

  • In the early 1900s, the electric grid and wireless communication connected people around the world;

  • Through the late 1900s, the silicon chip and computer-processing power reshaped nearly every aspect of life.

In this era, the battery revolution is an enabling technology for countless other applications, from road and air transport to storage for renewable-energy systems.

And of course the battery revolution is driving the shift away from the obsolete, hyper-pollution lawn equipment discussed in this space.

In its February 6 edition, Russell Gold and Ben Foldy of the Wall Street Journal describe the technological, commercial, and strategic implications of the race for battery improvements. A sample:

Batteries “are right on the precipice of being highly disruptive,” said Chris McKissack, chief executive of GlidePath Power Solutions LLC, an Illinois-based company that builds renewable energy generation….

Prices have come down a long way since January 2010, when Boston Consulting Group estimated battery costs at between $1,000 and $1,200 per kilowatt-hour. It said getting to $250—a level car makers were targeting—“is unlikely to be achieved unless there is a major breakthrough in battery chemistry.”

Today, battery prices are about $125 per kilowatt-hour, after big increases in manufacturing capacity lowered costs, and tweaks to chemistry and design yielded further savings.

Battery costs are widely expected to fall further, said Venkat Viswanathan, an associate professor of mechanical engineering at Carnegie Mellon University. He expects them to go as low as $80 per kilowatt-hour in two to three years before bottoming out.

It’s worth reading the whole, extensive piece.

Also, check out this report from the HV1 site, covering news of the Hudson Valley, about a step toward leaf blower regulation in New Paltz, New York. (The site limits many stories to local subscribers, and if you can’t see this one, its gist is the continuing trend of communities limiting these out-of-date, needlessly damaging devices.)

From the Atlanta Journal-Constitution: 'Awake now to the issue of leaf blowers'

Earlier this month in the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, columnist Bill Torpy argued that it was time for a different kind of wake-up call—one about the environmental, public health, and neighborhood-welfare effects of gas-powered leaf blowers.

Torpy notes that use of the machinery has gone from an occasional autumn practice to a year-round sign of having a manicured yard. He goes on:

“The noise, and the noxious fumes, override the wonder of the devices for many. In recent years, there’s been a growing effort to ban motorized leaf blowers — those with two-stroke engines, the ones where you mix oil with the gas and then leave a plume behind you. Washington, D.C., did so in 2018, making the use of gas-powered leaf blowers a no-no inside that city’s limits, effective in 2022.

“In November, the Athens-Clarke County government decided to look at regulating them. Commissioner Russell Edwards, who called them a “scourge,” said leaf blowers have become “a sleeper issue that resonates.”

“Folks sometimes grow resigned and they’ll hear someone say, ‘I’m tired of this,’ and they’ll say, ‘Hell yes!’”

The column also has extended quotes from one of the nation’s most active leafblower advocates, a man named Larry Will. This will give you a chance to read and judge the arguments for yourself. Please compare his claims about how quiet modern gas-powered blowers are, with the extensive testimony on which the Washington D.C. City Council based its unanimous vote to phase them out.

Thanks to Bill Torpy for laying out these issues.

From the Dallas Morning News: 'Shut Off the Leafblowers' — and an idea for a holiday gift

Peter Bahouth is a former executive director of Greenpeace USA and the Turner Family Foundation, among other roles. On December 18, 2020, the Dallas Morning News published his commentary, called: “Shut off the leaf blowers and restore peace to suburbia.”

His argument involves technology, sustainability, and community. Samples:

I’ve started to hand out a Golden Rake Award, a miniature gold rake and gift card to folks I see raking leaves, to thank them for helping to keep the neighborhood a little quieter and the air a little cleaner. We each chose the issues — from the global to the personal — that we most care about. Common to all of them is the need for sanctuary in our lives, on our streets and in our homes. If given the choice, wouldn’t we all rather live in a clean, quiet neighborhood than a loud, dirty one with fewer leaves?

Nature is not someplace to visit, it’s all around us. Even the most urbanized places are home to countless populations of wild birds, butterflies, flowers and other species. Our surroundings have much to offer in an increasingly complicated and electronic world. Nature provides us a place to think, create and de-stress. Spending time outside is rejuvenating and important to our well-being, but the persistent noise of gas-powered blowers makes it tough to enjoy the simple act of being outside, and it’s loud enough to disrupt your day, even inside your own home, a place that has become more essential than ever.

It’s worth reading the whole essay in full, which you can do here. Congratulations and thanks to Mr. Bahouth.

The Wall Street Journal on Leaf Blower Excess

Pride of place among Wall Street Journal stories is the so-called “A-Hed.” These are the feature-like, extensively reported, often elegantly written stories that begin on the front page and jump to inside the paper. (Why “A-Hed?” This WSJ item by Barry Newman, back in 2010, explains.)

The A-Hed in today’s paper, by Valerie Bauerlein and Jon Kemp, is about how the pandemic’s forced shift of people away from schools, offices, and other sites, and into their homes during daylight hours, has intensified awareness of ambient-noise issues. Most of all, noise from leaf blowers.

The story is worth reading in full. Two items to note here. One involves an issue that was very important in the unanimous decision of the Washington D.C. City Council to mandate a shift to battery-powered equipment. (As laid out in testimony here.) That issue is the distinct acoustic property of noise from gas-powered leaf blowers, which makes it uniquely penetrating. The WSJ story says:

The buzzing of any lawn equipment can wreck a video call, but leaf blowers emit a low-frequency sound that has a long wavelength that passes easily through walls and closed windows, similar to the bass in a car radio.

The way the sound modulates as the leaf-pushing engines are gunned is another irritant, said Catherine Palmer , director of audiology for the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center’s integrated health system. While steady droning sounds may fade into the background, humans are wired to notice sudden changes in noise, she said.

This may be useful for evading threats in the wild, but it makes tuning out suburban sounds difficult, she said.

The other issue is an apparent shift in the position of the lawn-care lobby, which previously had opposed restrictions and pretended that “courteous use” could eliminate all problems. From the WSJ:

If you made a list of people wanting to get rid of gas-powered backpack blowers using simple two-stroke engines, landscapers would be first in line, said Bob Mann , who directs state and local government relations for the National Association of Landscape Professionals, a trade group with nearly 100,000 members. “No one’s closer to the noise than the landscape contractor who has the thing strapped on their back,” he said.

Electric blowers have greatly improved and the industry will get there, he said, but it is expensive to sink money into new equipment. And landscapers say using only rakes and brooms would take far longer and be cost prohibitive.

Well done by the Journal, Valerie Bauerlein, and Jon Kemp.